What is Permaculture?
- Permaculture is a sustainable design system that mimics natural ecosystems. It is founded on 12 basic principles and 3 core ethics:
- The permaculture flower was designed by permaculture co-founder David Holmgren. The flower has seven petals, each representing a domain of human activity where permaculture ethics and design principles can be applied:
1. Land and Nature Stewardship – Regenerative agriculture, soil health, water conservation, and ecosystem restoration.
2. Built Environment – Sustainable architecture, passive solar design, and energy-efficient infrastructure.
3. Tools and Technology – Appropriate technology, renewable energy, and low-impact tools.
4. Culture and Education – Lifelong learning, storytelling, arts, and the transmission of ecological knowledge.
5. Health and Spiritual Well-being – Holistic health, mindfulness, and spiritual connection to land and life.
6. Finance and Economics – Ethical trade, local currencies, cooperative business models, and fair share economics.
7. Land Tenure and Community Governance – Equitable access to land, community decision-making, and stewardship models.
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Sustainable Landscaping : The Future of Green Spaces
